Hafs siddah and Makhraj in muqaddimah al jazariyyah

Something contrary to hams is Jahr, which implies splendid or uproarious. Its applied definition is the detainment of breath while articulating these letters. The letters of Jahr are all the unused letters of the Arabic alphabet other than the ten letters of hams.

The motivation behind why breath is detained in these letters is that they have a solid conviction upon their makhraj, which doesn't allow the breath to stream. In this manner, these letters are usually stronger than in the letters of hams. The following trait referenced is shiddah, which is the invert of the subsequent quality determined in the principal line, rikhwah, tuhfat al atfal.

Shiddah genuinely implies quality muqaddimah al jazariyyah. Its applied definition is that the sound is detained while proclaiming these letters. Its letters are found in the request. The explanation that the sound is detained is because of the safe association of these letters upon their makhraj.

Something contrary to shiddah is rikhwah or rakhāwah. It implies delicateness. The sound streams while articulating the letters of rikhwah. The motivation behind why sound streams when denoting these letters is a result of the frail reliance of these letters upon their makhraj.

In the second half of this line, the letters are talked about. Which literally intends to raise. In this manner Ibn al jazariyyah alludes to them as the seven raised letters that are inverse to the third property referenced in the principal line, istifāl. Its applied definition is the ascending of the back segment of the tongue while articulating these letters.

Because of the back segment of the tongue rising, these letters are perused with a full/thick solid Called tafkhīm.

Its opposite is istifāl, which literally intends to lower. Its executed definition is the point at which the back piece of the tongue doesn't rise however rather lays profound when articulating these letters. It is found in all the letters close to the letters of isti˘lā'. Because of the back segment of the tongue going underground, these letters are tended to with a level/meager sound (tarqīq)

The main quality referenced right now hams, which is the contrast between the primary trait indicated in the past line, Jahr.

Hams intends to murmur. Its applied definition is the streaming of the breath while articulating these letters. The letters of hams are ten and found in the mix of breath streams so easily in these letters is on the grounds that the reliance of these letters upon their makhraj Quran sonnet is powerless, which allows the breath to stream. In this manner, these letters are smoother in their elocution in examination with their contrary letters which have Jahr.